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bridal mysticism

retreat address on the Song of Songs


Readings from the Song:
Woman: 1:5-6 (don’t despise me because I am black)
Man: 4:9-16 (you are beautiful and you smell sexy)
Woman: 5:2-8 (ready for “bed” and can’t find lover)
Man: 7:1-9 (you’re beautiful, this time with food)

I joked with my students in describing this retreat
that it was going to be about the sexy, sexy Bible. Was I kidding?
For centuries, we’ve tried to figure out this poem.
Some see it as a kind of performance art,
reenacting a fertility rite to bring good fortune to crops.
Others as an allegory
—a one-to-one metaphor for God’s love for recalcitrant Israel.
It’s read on Passover in many Jewish households because,
in the words of my friend Rabbi Yitz,
“Passover is the dating process
of the just-born Jewish nation with G-d,
culminating in the Marriage Ceremony
under the canopy of Clouds at Mount Sinai.”
For many Christians, it’s been God dating the Church instead.
Others see it as a celebration of physical and romantic love, God-given.
Still others wonder why it’s in our Scriptures at all
—God’s not mentioned once.
Do we ever read it in church? Not much.
And then only the least racy parts.
Like, not the bits with dripping nard or channels or bellies
and breasts and lips.
That stuff is best kept far away from Sunday morning.
Only, why? Are we embarrassed?
We are certainly embarrassing as a Christian people
to non-Christians who don’t understand why
we’re so embarrassed about our bodies and what they do.
The Song of Songs is, at least a little bit, all these things.
The woman who wrote the Song
and the men who included it in the canon of scripture
and the millions of Jews and Christians who have read it
across the centuries have already voted.
This Song is scandalously specific and ambiguous.
It is almost pornographic and deeply spiritual.
The Song of Songs is about sustaining relationships
and about constantly striving
and it is about the love which is the ground of all our being
in one way or another.
First, it’s poetry. Some of your eyes are lighting up at the thought,
others are bracing yourselves for a long, boring lecture
and ultimately not understanding any more than when you began.
Don’t worry, I only mean that it means more than it seems to mean.
Like the TV show Lost. Or whatever your favorite pop song is. Only better.
So, The Song of Songs is about a woman
who is deeply in love and lust with her beloved
who may or may not be King Solomon. Probably not.  
And they have frequent trysts but apparently don’t live together.
Or maybe they’re married,
though the text doesn’t offer much support for that.
Or maybe their relationship is scandalous somehow
since she gets beaten at one point for trying to find him.
It’s not a straightforward story-poem
with a beginning, middle, and end,
nor is it entirely clear who the characters are.
It reads a bit like a series of monologues
between the man and the woman
but they don’t always flow from one to another.
The language, as you might expect, is heightened, is metaphorical;
“your teeth are like a flock of goats,”
“your neck is like a tower, all it’s stones in courses.”
It’s like saying, “your skin is as soft as a kitten’s fur”
or “your hips are as curvaceous as the Guggenheim Museum
and truly, they don’t lie.”
Her neck is not a tower, not really,
and her teeth aren’t hairy like a flock of goats.
It’s about taking inspiration
from the natural and human-made world
—what’s beautiful to you?
That’s what you compare your love to.
“Your body,” she says in one place, “is like ivory.”
Which, it turns out, is a lot like other places in scripture
when someone sees someone else’s “feet,” meaning genitals.
The Hebrew word translated “body”
means a man’s midsection,
so the woman is speaking of the man’s penis as like ivory,
like an elephant’s tusk.
Yes, in a lovely, poetic way, she’s saying,
“my beloved is well-hung.”[1]
Second, the Song of Songs is part of a theology called “Bridal mysticism,”
the theology derived poetically
that Jesus is our collective and individual boyfriend.  
If you think of it literally, it’s a bit creepy.
But also beautiful and has a long history in the church.
We see married people all the time
—certainly we see broken marriages,
but also connectedness and reliance and mutual giving.
Of course we’d use it as a metaphor for our relationship with God.
Bridal mysticism takes Jesus as the boyfriend to its logical extreme
and puts the mystic or the reader in the place of the bride
—when we read these passages, when we pray,
we can experience the great hope a bride feels,
the anticipation of new life,
the excitement of being with the one our heart most desires
—you know this feeling.
Not just the heart palpitations of a crush,
but the deep connectedness to someone we truly love
and who loves us back.
For some of you, that might be a romantic or married partner,
for others it might be a deep soulfriend,
for others it could be the relationship you have
with a parent or sibling.
These are beautiful experiences and we ought to want them—
but they require a certain vulnerability on our end.
We have to be able to be vulnerable to God.
Bridal mysticism requires us to present ourselves
exactly as we are to our bridegroom Jesus.
Third, and maybe most important,
“the protagonist in the Song is the only unmediated female voice in scripture.”[2]
Meaning, every other woman’s story is told by someone else,
either by another character in a story or by the writer of the book.
Here, the woman speaks in the first person,
she is a woman in touch with her own heart and mind,
a woman in touch with her sensuality,
a woman empowered.
And so, because her story needs to be heard, I’ll tell it to you,
at least, an imagined story of how she came to write this poem.


I was told I had to work in my brothers’ vineyards.
I was told I had dark, ugly, black skin.
I was told I’d never amount to anything, that I was unloveable.
I was told I would have babies and that would make me valuable.
I was told to be quiet in church, to submit to my husband, to lie back and think of England.
I was told it was all in my head, that it was my fault.
I was told.
And now I will tell.

When I saw him the first time, I came over all giddy.
I was talking to my friend and suddenly I was stammering
and my hands were shaking and my nipples were hard
and I couldn’t stop staring.
When he talked to me the first time,
I looked down at my shaking knees,
knowing he couldn’t possibly find me pleasant to look at,
but he lifted my chin with a finger and looked at me
like no one else ever had.
He really saw me—what did he see?
He said that I was more beautiful than a flock of goats on the hillside,
more sweet than persimmons dipped in honey,
more elegant the Temple Mount itself.
He said, “she’s a brick house!”
He compared my breasts to round baby sheep
nursing at their mother’s side.
He said my heart was bigger than the Jerusalem marketplace,
that my mind was sharper than the rocks at the shore
which tear up the hulls of boats,
that my ass was as round as melons
and how he wanted to take a bite.
How could he see this when I am, at best, average?
He saw me and he loved me.
And I saw him and I loved him.
We devour each other with our eyes.
When we see each other around town, from yards and yards away,
we cannot resist seeing, we cannot resist knowing.
I know that last night we spoke of philosophy and the nature of God,
we spoke of politics and farming and birds and bees,
we spoke of our fears and of our darkest fantasies.
And we touched each other
—we removed each other’s clothes slowly, achingly slowly,
fingers tracing the hollow of the throat,
like the curve of a spoon dipped in custard,
fingers circling wrists vulnerable as newborn puppies,
fingers caressing inner thighs,
open like a book revealing its secrets.
And today, when we see each other,
we know, deeply, what the other looks like under their clothes,
how they respond to kisses and challenges.
We devour each other with more than our eyes.
Yet I cannot see him now.
And so often, I cannot find him.
He doesn’t respond when I text and our friends have not seen him.
I run across sidewalks and fields,
through the autumn trees smelling of wet leaves and death
and I weep.
I meet people as I wander and they look at me in disgust.
They speak harshly, telling me no one could love me as he does,
telling me I’m making a fool of myself,
telling me to not to speak up for myself,
telling me to go home.
And so I return to my bed, to my empty apartment
which still smells of his soap and his skin and sex.
I return to my shower and wash away my tears in hot water.
I rub lotion into my skin and put on my pajamas,
giving in to exhaustion.
I tell myself it will be better tomorrow.
I tell myself he will return.
I tell myself to fall asleep.
I give in memories and touch myself.
And just on the edge of sleep, I think I hear him next to me,
his hand on my belly, his lips at my ear.
I wake with a jolt but he is not here.
I run to the door,
my hands still slick with lotion and my own moisture,
my feet bare,
but he is not there.
And later we have carved out time to lie on the grass,
feeling the warm sun on our skin,
seeing the red glow of it through our eyelids,
smelling burning leaves and each other’s familiar scent.
Cloves and eucalypus and nard filling my nose and my heart.
His hand in mine, our only touchpoint, yet containing multitudes.
I bask in my beloved’s presence and he in mine.
And tell him,
Many haters cannot quench your love for me.
Many insults will not quench my joy in my own body
nor the want I feel for you, my beloved.
Many sorrows and arguments will not quench our commitment.
Many wars cannot quench the spark of the divine and the hope of peace.
Many waters cannot quench the fire of my love,
neither can floods drown it.

For the holiness of all that is love, hear me tell you my story and know this same love.



[2] Women’s Bible Commentary, “Song of Songs” by Renita J Weems, 164

sermon on Isaiah 62


When I’m driving around town, 
maybe on my way to the Edge campus ministry house or running errands, 
I like to play a little game with the radio. 
I turn on the top 40 pop music station and then assume that, 
whatever song is on, it’s about Jesus. 
Either that someone wants Jesus to see them and love them 
or that Jesus is singing about wanting us to see and love him. 
It works 9 times out of 10.
See, most popular music is, forgive me, not written very well. 
Of course there are gems in there, but like movies or fiction, 
much of it is forgettable. 
Popular music, specifically of the “romantic” genre, is vague 
and filled with clichés about how great the other person is
—you’re so beautiful, so awesome, I just want to be with you.
So much of what is on is kind of hilarious if you put Jesus in place 
of the boyfriend or girlfriend being sung about. 
This is how I amuse myself.
Interestingly, a lot of Christian pop music is kind of the same. 
Vague, clichéd statements about how beautiful and awesome God is
and how we just want to be with him.
These are what I often call “Jesus is my boyfriend” songs.
Innocuous examples might be 
“Blessed be the name of the Lord, blessed be your Name…” by M. Redman 
or “Indescribable, uncontainable,
You placed the stars in the sky and You know them by name
You are amazing God.” 
Or even some Taize chants like “Jesus, your light is shining within us.
Let my heart always welcome your love.”
Then you’ve got more obvious examples
like Elvis Presley’s “He Touched Me:” 
“He touched me, oh he touched me
And oh the joy that floods my soul
Something happened and now I know
He touched me and made me whole”
or the song popularized by Josh Groban “You Raise Me Up”. 
It’s a great example, 
a Christian praise song very akin to “Wind Beneath My Wings” (“You raise me up so I can stand on mountains/You raise me up to walk on stormy seas/I am strong when I am on your shoulders/You raise me up to more than I can be”)
—is it about Jesus? Or a lover? Or both?
There’s even a whole subculture 
that some of our evangelical sisters connect with 
like in this quote from a book called Love Letters From Your Prince:
“When a royal princess is rescued by a brave prince, every girl’s heart pitter-patters at the thought. But women of all ages can easily miss the glorious truth that Jesus is the Prince who has already chosen her and is waiting at her door.”
Now, I am poking a little bit of fun at 
one of the many bizarre things we Christians do. 
Of course it’s true that God raises us up and is indescribable 
and to be loved beyond all things. 
The problem here is that we end up with a simplistic theology 
for something we all know is vast and complex and mysterious. 
And I think we all know it’s not just our music 
that gives us this surface understanding of God’s presence with us. 
Lots of “Christian” art is only about being nice or pretty. 
Maybe you remember last year’s Lenten Journey 
about understanding scripture more deeply
—we talked a lot about truth not being only literal 
but also metaphorical, 
—we talked about truth hitting us on a deeper, difficult, 
protected place within us, 
a place that can be transformed but we don’t want it to be 
because we like who we are thank you very much.
I’m poking fun at some of our church music 
because it is often a symptom of surface-level faith.
Now, let’s pause for a moment, 
because the Isaiah passage for today seems to contradict what I’m saying. 
Isaiah says that Israel (and we) marry God. 
And it’s not just here, 
but many times in the Hebrew and Christian Testaments
—Jesus is the bridegroom and we, by implication, 
are the blushing bride. 
It’s here in our scripture—Jesus is our collective boyfriend. 
If you think of it literally, it’s a bit creepy. 
But also beautiful—this metaphor is called bridal mysticism
and has a long history in the church. 
We see married people all the time
—certainly we see broken marriages, 
but also connectedness and reliance and mutual giving. 
Of course we’d use it as a metaphor for our relationship with God. 
Look at the Song of Songs, if you don’t believe me.
Bridal mysticism takes Jesus as the boyfriend to its logical extreme 
and puts the mystic or the reader in the place of the bride
—when we read these passages, when we pray, 
we can experience the great hope a bride feels, 
the anticipation of new life, 
the excitement of being with the one our heart most desires
—you know this feeling. 
Not just the heart palpitations of a crush, 
but the deep connectedness to someone we truly love 
and who loves us back. 
For some of you, that might be a married partner, 
for others it might be a deep, soulfriend, 
for others it could be the relationship you have with a parent or sibling. This is the experience of having our name changed, 
as the bride often does, from one thing to another. 
For Israel, Isaiah says her name changes from “Forsaken” and “Desolate” 
to “My Delight is In Her.”
There is intimacy and tenderness in this new relationship, 
in this partnership with God. 
Consider these deeper relationships you have, whether romantic or not
—what feelings do you have there? 
Connectedness? Safety? Willingness to take other risks? 
Challenge to become a better person?
Being accepted and balanced by another?
These are beautiful experiences and we ought to want them
—but they require a certain vulnerability on our end. 
We have to be able to be vulnerable to God
—no more posturing, no more 
“look how great I am, God, and all the stuff I’ve done for you”, 
no more “look how humble I am, how little I think of myself 
so that you can come and walk all over me.” 
No, bridal mysticism requires us to present ourselves 
exactly as we are to our bridegroom Jesus.
There’s a song by Lady Antebellum
—one of those pop songs I mentioned at the beginning that I think 
is hilarious when you put Jesus in the place of the boyfriend or girlfriend. 
(and we’ll hear it in a bit from the praise band)
It’s called “I need you now” and the chorus is 
“It's a quarter after one, I'm a little drunk and I need you now
Said I wouldn't call but I lost all control and I need you now
And I don't know how I can do without
I just need you now
We’re all drunk or angry or ashamed or confused or broken in some way 
and we all want to call on God—this is what it means to be vulnerable. 
It’s to be that broken person and not hide it and call God anyway. 
A sort of spiritual drunk-dial. 
Let’s be clear—bridal mysticism is not triumphalism. 
It’s not about our comfortable state in this life 
being a sign of God’s favor on us. 
This good news of being God’s beloved means nothing 
if we are content in our own blessedness, 
means nothing if we’re comfortable in our wealth 
and perceived happiness
—this is the gospel of wealth and it is no gospel at all.
Good news means nothing if it doesn’t speak into some bad news
Isaiah is speaking to a people who have returned from exile 
in a foreign land, people who have been ripped from their homes, 
who have concluded from the experience that God is in fact dead, 
people who are returning to those homes changed 
and find that other people have moved in 
and have taken over the exiles’ lives. 
Isaiah is speaking to a people who are desolate and forsaken, 
who could have easily changed their names, as brides often do, 
to Mrs. Desolate and Mr. Forsaken, it’s that bad. 
And Isaiah is saying, 
in the midst of this emptiness and confusion and drunkenness, 
God is alive and delights in them. 
God is, in fact, bringing them to a new home, 
calling them by a new name 
“Mr and Mrs You’re So Darned Amazing”, 
God is giving them hope, God is showing them a new way to be. 
God is showing us a new way to be.
And it’s not just the surface level of how pretty God is 
or how God makes our hearts go pitter-patter
—those can be true—
this is the gut-instinct moment of knowing who we are 
and what ought to be done that we often ignore. 
The moment of seeing someone being hurt 
when we could speak up for them. 
The moment of loss when someone we love dies or leaves us 
and the little we have left is God. 
The moment of sudden understanding. 
That moment is the truth, 
that moment is what Jesus was talking about in the Kingdom, 
that moment is what it’s like to be married to God.
So, these praise songs we sometimes sing—in church or on the radio—
could speak of a shallow faith.
And they could speak to something much deeper. 
How aware you are of what you’re singing is the key. 
And how you respond to it as well. 
Do you hear “I’m okay, you’re ok?” 
Or do you hear, “I love you, you know that’s not good for you, right?” 
Or even, “I love you, let’s go fix the world.”
I leave you with the words of a bridal mystic from the 1200s, Hadewijch. 
Her poems refer to God as Love:
This is a marvel difficult to understand
Love’s robberies and her gifts
I pray and invite Love
that she may incite noble hearts to sing in tune 
the true melody of Love
In humble anxiety and high hope.